Campaign finance disclosure means:

• A. Secret reporting of donor data to federal authorities.
• B. Public reporting of donor identities only for national campaigns.
• C. Public reporting of contributions to campaigns but not expenditures.
• D. Public reporting of contributions and expenditures by campaigns and committees.

Answer: (D)

Campaign finance disclosure means making the money trail in elections visible to the public. It requires campaigns and committees to file reports that show who donates and how money is spent, ensuring voters can see both sides of the financial story.

This is why the statement describing public reporting of contributions and expenditures by campaigns and committees is the best match. It captures the full scope of transparency: money coming in and money going out, all made available to the public.

Focusing only on secret reporting would defeat transparency. Limiting donor identities to national campaigns ignores local activity and the broader influence of money, and reporting contributions without expenditures hides how funds are actually used.